In little more than 50 years, the Middle Eastern state of Qa-tar has become the richest per capita income country in the world. Qatar’s wealth is principally derived from its mineral reserves, most notably gas and oil. While the country has prospered from gas and oil revenues, it has created a dependency that exposes Qatar to, for example, price fluctuations in commodities markets. In this context, the country has formulated an industrial vision for the country that addresses the need both to broaden its industrial base and to utilize its oil and gas revenues in an efficient and sustainable way.