100 Campeones: Latino Groundbreakers Who Paved the Way in Sport
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100 Campeones: Latino Groundbreakers Who Paved the Way in Sport is much more than a group of stories that feature the talents, triumphs, and tempests of the careers of Latinos in sport. It is a book of living history, rich in culture and tradition. It is a collection of firsts, of legends, and of names that will soon become familiar to the world. 100 Campeones is a treasure box of inspiring stories that were, at times, created out of dire hardship and oppression.
Contents
Foreword by Dan Guerrero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
CHAPTER 1 •
An Introduction:
Latino Grounbreakers Who Paved the Way in Sport 1
by Richard Lapchick
Part One: Professional Sport
CHAPTER 2 •
Latinos in Major League Baseball 13
Introduction, by Richard Lapchick
Hall of Famers
José Méndez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Cristóbal Torriente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Martín Dihigo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Vernon “Lefty” Gómez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
Roberto Clemente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Luis Aparicio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
Orlando Cepeda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
Juan Marichal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
Atanasio “Tony” Pérez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Rodney “Rod” Carew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Star of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
Baseball Pioneers
Esteban Bellán. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
First Latino to Play Professional Baseball in the United States,
by Jared Bovinet
Hiram Bithorn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Puerto Rican Baseball Pioneer, by Richard Lapchick
Roberto “Bobby” Ávila. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Mexican Baseball Pioneer, by Jared Bovinet
Luis Tiant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Cuban Baseball Pioneer, by Jared Bovinet
Saturnino “Minnie” Miñoso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
First Black Latino Player in MLB, by Horacio Ruiz
Albert Pujols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
MLB Superstar and Future Hall of Famer, by Horacio Ruiz
Managers
Miguel “Mike” González . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
First Latino Manager in MLB, by Jared Bovinet
Alfonso “Al” López . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
First Full-Time Latino Manager in MLB and Hall of Fame
Manager, by Horacio Ruiz
Oswaldo “Ozzie” Guillén . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
First Latino Manager to Win World Series, by Jared Bovinet
Alejandro “Alex” Pompez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
National Baseball Hall of Fame Executive and Pioneer,
by Horacio Ruiz
Omar Minaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
First Latino General Manager in MLB, by Jared Bovinet
Administrators
Arturo “Arte” Moreno. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
First Latino Majority Owner in MLB, by Horacio Ruiz
CHAPTER 3 •
Latinos in the NBA 103
Introduction, by Richard Lapchick
Alfonso “Al” Cueto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
First Latino to be Drafted by NBA Team, by Chris Kamke
Alfred “Butch” Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
First Latino Player in the NBA, by Chris Kamke
Rolando Blackman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
First Latino to Have Jersey Number Retired by NBA Team,
by Chris Kamke
Mark Aguirre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
First Latino to be NBAs First Overall Draft Pick, by Chris Kamke
Emanuel “Manu” Ginóbili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Superstar of the NBA, by Chris Kamke
CHAPTER 4 •
Latinos in the NFL 125
Introduction, by Richard Lapchick
Ignacio “Lou” Molinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
First Latino to Play in the NFL, by Chris Kamke
Steve Van Buren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Star of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Thomas “Tom” Fears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Star of the Pro Football Hall of Fame and First Latino Head Coach in the NFL, by Chris Kamke
Theodore “Ted” Hendricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Star of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Anthony Muñoz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Star of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
Thomas “Tom” Flores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
First Latino Head Coach to Win a Super Bowl, by Chris Kamke
Jim Plunkett. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
First Latino Quarterback to Win a Super Bowl, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Tony González . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Superstar of the NFL and Future Hall of Famer, by Chris Kamke
CHAPTER 5 •
Latinos in Golf 157
Introduction, by Richard Lapchick
Roberto De Vicenzo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Star of the World Golf Hall of Fame, by Charlie Harless
Juan “Chi Chi” Rodríguez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Star of the World Golf Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Lee Treviño . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Star of the World Golf Hall of Fame, by Charlie Harless
Nancy López. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Star of the World Golf Hall of Fame, by Charlie Harless
Lorena Ochoa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Future Star of the World Golf Hall of Fame, by Charlie Harless
CHAPTER 6 •
Latinos in Tennis 179
Introduction, by Richard Lapchick
Francisco “Pancho” Segura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Star of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Ricardo “Pancho” González . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Star of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
María Bueno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Star of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Alejandro “Alex” Olmedo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Star of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Rafael Osuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Star of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Rosemary “Rosy” Casals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Star of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, by Cara-LynnLopresti
Guillermo Vilas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Star of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, by Charlie Harless
Gabriela Sabatini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Star of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Beatriz “Gigi” Fernández . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Grand Slam Women’s Doubles Champion and Olympic Gold
Medalist, by Charlie Harless
Mary Joe Fernández . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Grand Slam Women’s Doubles Champion and Olympic Gold
Medalist, by Charlie Harless
Marcelo Ríos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
First Latino to be Ranked Number One in the ATP Tour, by Charlie Harless
CHAPTER 7 •
Latinos in Boxing 219
Introduction, by Richard Lapchick
“Panama” Alfonso “Al” Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
First Latino World Boxing Champion and Star of the International
Boxing Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Gerardo “Kid Gavilán” González . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Star of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Éder Jofre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Star of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
José “Mantequilla” Nápoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Star of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Rubén Olivares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Star of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
Roberto Durán. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Star of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
Alexis Argüello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Star of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, by Chris Kamke
Salvador Sánchez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Star of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Julio César Chávez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Star of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, by Charlie Harless
Oscar De La Hoya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Future Hall of Famer, by Chris Kamke
CHAPTER 8 •
Latinos in Major League Soccer
and Professional American Soccer 263
Introduction, by Richard Lapchick
Hugo Pérez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Star of the National Soccer Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Tabaré “Tab” Ramos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Star of the National Soccer Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Marcelo Balboa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Star of the National Soccer Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Claudio Reyna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Future Star of the National Soccer Hall of Fame, by Jared Bovinet
Douglas “Doug” Logan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
First Latino Commissioner of Any Major American Sports League,
by Jared Bovinet
CHAPTER 9 •
Latinos and Horse Racing 283
Introduction, by Richard Lapchick
Manuel Ycaza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Star of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Avelino Gómez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Star of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Braulio Baeza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Star of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame,by Horacio Ruiz
Ángel Cordero, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Star of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
Laffit Pincay, Jr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Star of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, by Horacio Ruiz
CHAPTER 10 •
Latinos in the NHL and NASCAR 309
Latino Players in the NHL, by Richard Lapchick 309
Latinos in NASCAR, by Richard Lapchick 312
Part Two: College Sport
Introduction, by Richard Lapchick 327
CHAPTER 11 •
Latino Student-Athletes 327
Tony Casillas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Star of the College Football Hall of Fame, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Brenda Villa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Water Polo All-American and U.S. National Team Captain,by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Lisa Fernández . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
College Softball and U.S. National Team Legend, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Eduardo Nájera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Chip Hilton Player of the Year Presented by the Naismith Memorial
Basketball Hall of Fame, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Jessica Mendoza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
College Softball All-American and U.S. National Team Member, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Stephanie Cox, formerly Stephanie López . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
College Soccer All-American and First Latina to Play on United
States Women’s Soccer National Team, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Amy Rodríguez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
College Soccer All-American and U.S. National Team Member, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
CHAPTER 12 •
Latino Coaches in College Sport 353
August “Augie” Garrido . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
College Baseball Groundbreaker, by Jared Bovinet
Joseph “Joe” Kapp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
First Latino Football Coach at Division I-A Program,by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Barry Álvarez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
College Football Groundbreaker, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Leticia Pineda-Boutté . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
College Softball Groundbreaker, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Mario Cristóbal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
First Cuban-American Football Coach at Division I-A Program, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
CHAPTER 13 •
Latino Administrators in College Sport 375
Dan Guerrero. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Groundbreaking Athletic Director, by Charlie Harless
Rudy Dávalos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Groundbreaking Athletic Director, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Irma García . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
First Latina Athletic Director at Division I School,by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Rick Villarreal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Groundbreaking Athletic Director, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Pete García . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Groundbreaking Athletic Director, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Part Three: International Sport
The Olympics and Latino Superstars
on the International Stage 399
by Richard Lapchick
CHAPTER 14 •
Summer Olympics 411
Ramón Fonst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
First Latino to Win Gold Medal at Summer Olympics,by Charlie Harless
Joseph “Joe” Salas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
First Latino-American to Compete in Summer Olympics,by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Joaquín Capilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Summer Olympic Gold Medalist, by Charlie Harless
Teófilo Stevenson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Summer Olympic Gold Medalist, by Charlie Harless
Alberto Juantorena. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Summer Olympic Gold Medalist, by Charlie Harless
María Colón . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
First Latina To Win Gold Medal in Summer Olympics,by Jared Bovinet
Tracie Ruiz-Conforto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Summer Olympic Gold Medalist, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Pablo Morales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Summer Olympic Gold Medalist, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Félix Savón . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Summer Olympic Gold Medalist, by Charlie Harless
Trent Dimas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Summer Olympic Gold Medalist, by Charlie Harless
Claudia Poll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
First Central American Woman to Win an Olympic Gold Medal, by Jared Bovinet
Steven López . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Summer Olympic Gold Medalist, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Irving Saladino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
First Central American Man to Win Olympic Gold Medal, by Jared Bovinet
2004 Argentina Men’s National Basketball Team . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
First Latin American Country to Win Olympic Gold Medal in Basketball
Alberto Salazar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
American Marathon Star, by Charlie Harless
CHAPTER 15 •
Winter Olympics 457
Jennifer Rodríguez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
First Latina-American to Win Winter Olympics Medal, by Cara-Lynn Lopresti
Derek Parra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
First Latino-American to Win Winter Olympics Gold Medal, by Jared Bovinet
CHAPTER 16 •
Latino International Superstars in Sports 465
Edson Arantes “Pelé” do Nascimento . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
International Soccer Superstar, by Chris Kamke
Alfredo di Stéfano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
International Soccer Superstar, by Charlie Harless
Manuel “Garrincha” dos Santos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
International Soccer Superstar, by Charlie Harless
Hugo Sánchez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
International Soccer Superstar, by Charlie Harless
Diego Maradona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
International Soccer Superstar, by Charlie Harless
José Chilavert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
International Soccer Superstar, by Charlie Harless
Ana Fidelia Quirot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
International Track Superstar, by Horacio Ruiz
Ana Guevara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
International Track Superstar, by Horacio Ruiz
Juan Manuel Fangio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
International Formula One Superstar, by Horacio Ruiz
Ayrton Senna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
International Formula One Superstar, by Horacio Ruiz
CHAPTER 17 •
Conclusion/Epilogue
Future of Latinos in Sport 509
by Richard Lapchick
About the National Consortium
for Academics and Sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523